Mental Disorders

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a complex condition that impacts an individual’s ability to process auditory information effectively. Despite having normal hearing sensitivity, individuals with APD struggle to interpret, organize, and respond to sounds, particularly in challenging auditory environments. These challenges often manifest in various aspects of life, especially in learning environments where effective auditory … Read more

Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is a term that encompasses a group of conditions characterized by developmental delays in social interaction, communication, and behavior. As part of the autism spectrum, PDD often presents challenges in identifying its symptoms early due to the broad nature of its manifestations.  Parents and caregivers may notice subtle differences in a … Read more

Aphasia is a condition that affects the ability to communicate. It typically arises after a brain injury or stroke, disrupting the brain’s ability to process and produce language. This communication disorder can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the damage.  The impact of aphasia can be profound, not only on the … Read more

Stuttering is a complex speech disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. For individuals who stutter, communication can feel like an overwhelming challenge, often leading to feelings of frustration and embarrassment. While speech patterns may vary, stuttering generally manifests as disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks. This condition can … Read more

Speech sound disorders (SSDs) affect an individual’s ability to produce speech sounds accurately, leading to difficulties in pronunciation and clarity. This condition can range from mild articulation errors to more complex phonological issues, impacting a person’s ability to communicate effectively. Speech sound disorders are often identified in children, although they can persist into adulthood if … Read more

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a condition that affects how the brain interprets and responds to sensory input from the environment. For children with SPD, everyday experiences such as sounds, textures, lights, or even movement can feel overwhelming, uncomfortable, or confusing.  These sensory challenges can interfere with their ability to engage in daily activities, build … Read more

Language is an essential tool that enables children to express themselves, understand others, and engage in meaningful social interactions. For some children, however, language development does not progress as expected, leading to language disorders.  These disorders can manifest as difficulties in understanding spoken or written language, expressing thoughts clearly, or using language socially. Identifying and … Read more

Intellectual disability is a condition that affects a person’s ability to learn, reason, and adapt to daily life demands. This condition is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, manifesting before the age of 18.  While intellectual disability is often misunderstood, it represents a spectrum of challenges, ranging from mild to profound, … Read more

Grieving the loss of a loved one is a profound and personal experience that touches the depths of human emotion. While most individuals navigate this journey with time and support, some encounter an enduring and overwhelming form of grief known as Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD).  This condition surpasses typical mourning, leaving individuals trapped in a … Read more

Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) is a condition arising from prolonged or repeated exposure to trauma, particularly in situations where escape feels impossible. Unlike traditional PTSD, which often stems from a single traumatic event, C-PTSD is deeply rooted in chronic experiences such as ongoing abuse, neglect, or captivity.  These prolonged exposures create a more intricate … Read more