Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition linked to repetitive brain trauma. Initially observed in boxers, it has since been recognized in athletes from contact sports like football, hockey, and rugby, as well as in military personnel exposed to blasts. While the disease manifests decades after the initial trauma, its impact on cognitive, … Read more
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) represents a significant complication in individuals living with HIV, affecting cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The condition arises due to the impact of HIV on the central nervous system (CNS), even in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). While advancements in treatment have extended the life expectancy of those with HIV, the … Read more
Irregular work shifts have become a defining feature of modern industries, especially in healthcare, transportation, and emergency services. These nontraditional schedules are often necessary to maintain round-the-clock operations, yet they come at a considerable cost to workers’ health. Among the most significant challenges faced by shift workers is the disruption of their circadian rhythm, the … Read more
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant medical condition that can profoundly affect an individual’s physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. Whether caused by accidents, falls, sports injuries, or violent incidents, TBIs vary in severity, ranging from mild concussions to severe, life-altering trauma. These injuries disrupt the brain’s normal functioning, leading to changes that extend beyond … Read more
Sleep is a cornerstone of health and well-being, yet many individuals struggle with maintaining a consistent rest schedule due to disorders like Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm. This condition disrupts the natural synchronization between a person’s internal body clock and external environmental cues, leading to fragmented and erratic sleep patterns. Unlike other sleep disorders, Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm … Read more
Jet lag is a temporary sleep disorder that arises when your internal body clock is disrupted by crossing multiple time zones during travel. This condition is often characterized by fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and disturbances in sleep patterns. As global travel becomes more accessible, jet lag is a common experience for many, affecting the body’s … Read more
Delirium is a sudden and severe disturbance in mental abilities, characterized by confusion, inability to focus attention, and an altered level of consciousness. While it may appear suddenly, its effects can significantly impair cognitive functioning and have lasting consequences if not properly managed. Delirium is often more common among elderly individuals and hospitalized patients, and … Read more
Dementia is a complex and progressive neurological condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is not a single disease but an umbrella term for a range of cognitive impairments that interfere with memory, thinking, language, and daily functioning. The condition is most commonly seen in older adults, but it can also affect … Read more
Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (Non-24) is a rare but significant circadian rhythm disorder that profoundly impacts daily life. Characterized by a recurring disruption in the sleep-wake cycle, this condition most commonly affects individuals who are blind, although sighted individuals can also experience it. The root cause lies in the body’s inability to align its internal clock … Read more
Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by an early evening sleep onset and an early morning awakening. Unlike individuals who simply prefer to wake early, those with ASPD experience significant challenges in adapting their sleep patterns to societal norms, often resulting in disrupted social and professional life. This condition, … Read more